I know, I know, I spend way too much time ranting about work in the emergency department. But after some recent shifts, my box of rants is full once more. And what I want to point out is the enormous struggle of the mid-sized emergency departments in America today.
I know this is a problem; I work in them, and I know and talk with people who work in them. It’s getting harder all the time. So what is that ‘mid-sized’ ED? For purposes of my discussion, I’d say (depending on coverage) somewhere from 16,000 to 40,000 visits per year. Now that’s not scientific, that’s just for the sake of discussion, and based on personal experience.
I’d love to hear commentary from readers, because I’m trying to figure it all out. But let me start with a story. When I was fresh out of residency, I worked at dear old Oconee Memorial Hospital in Seneca, SC. Our volume as I recall was around 23-25K per year. We had pretty good coverage at first, with three 12 hour physician shifts a day. Patients were sick but we moved them through. And when I worked nights, I remember that it wasn’t unusual for me to lie down about 3 am and sleep till 7 am.
Fast forward. Even at my current job where I see 19K per year, there’s barely a night when patients don’t come in all night long. So is volume spread out more? Maybe. Are patients sicker? Possibly. I think some of this may be that patients have no primary care, and so they don’t even have an option to ‘wait till morning.’ In addition, a large number of patient (in all ED’s) are jobless. So in their defense, 3 am is as good as 3 pm when you don’t have to go to a job in the morning. (I’m not disparaging; but I do think this is true. Think about your teenagers who sit up all night in the summer if they don’t have jobs!)
I also wonder if our patients are sicker. I mean, medicine is pretty amazing nowadays, and people who would certainly have died when I was in medical school now repeatedly survive significant heart failure, MI, stroke, pulmonary embolism, respiratory failure, various infections and all sorts of problems. And when they do, they have to come back to the ED frequently.
For those with docs in the community, I’m sure the offices are crazy busy all the time. Even those docs have patients they just can’t squeeze into appointments. They use the ED. And maybe, just maybe, our patients are much more ‘medicalized’ than before. So much of what the emergency departments see is really psycho-social. Anxiety, depression, suicidality, substance abuse. The numbers of these conditions seem to be exploding, and they can seldom afford primary care, much less mental health care. The all-night ED is the place they go.
And there is a subset of patients who use the emergency department for entertainment or convenience; rides, snacks, a way to avoid arrest. ‘Officer, I…have…chest pain!’ These also take time and space.
So what happens is all of this descends on departments with limited resources and staff. And all day, and all night, one physician or two, maybe a PA or NP, struggle to sift through five or six chest pains alongside two stroke alerts, a suicidal overdose, two septic senior citizens, a dialysis patient who missed two appointments and has a potassium of 10 and a femur fracture. Add to that the family of five with head colds. Sure, this is what we do. We are emergency physicians and nurses and mid-levels. But into this mix, in the mid-sized department, recall that there is: no cardiologist, no neurologist, no psychiatrist or counselor, sometimes no available ICU beds, possibly no pediatrician and definitely no dialysis in the hospital.
The day is spent sorting, stabilizing, making phone calls, transferring and waiting for ambulance or helicopter to become available. All the while? Sifting through very cumbersome and inefficient computer documentation systems designed for billing not flow. And being scrutinized for through-put, time stamps, protocols, national standards, Medicare rules, re-admissions and all that mess.
I really don’t want to sound like a complainer. What I’m concerned about is 1) the safety of the patients and 2) the physical and emotional health of the caregivers. At the end of the day, we’re all exhausted. And so much is going on that we can barely find the obvious stuff, much less the subtle things that can also kill.
It sometimes seems as if departments are intentionally understaffed to save money. I understand that it’s expensive to have doctors, nurses, etc. But administrators get mad at folks ‘standing around,’ without realizing that in the chaos and suffering of the ED, sometimes it’s really important to ‘stand around.’ To breathe, to think, to rest, to gather oneself, to look up a condition or problem, to debrief. To eat. To pee.
I think that the world of medicine has decended on the emergency department. I know that we handle it valiently. But I don’t think it’s safe; and it’s nowhere as unsafe as in the relatively under-staffed and under-equipped mid-sized community hospitals of the world.
I’m proud of what we do. But some days, most days, I wonder how we do it.
Similar to you, fresh out of residency I worked in a mid volume facility. They saw 19 to 20,000 per year and I could sleep 3 to 5 hours a night. Now, I’ve been doing some shifts in a facility could only seats 8000 patients per year, but I haven’t gotten more than an hour and a half of sleep at one time. Our culture has very much shifted to a 24 hour one. In addition to the reasons you cite, so many businesses stay open 24 hours a day now that people don’t think twice about going to the… Read more »
Dev
7 years ago
We’re at 64k-ish/yr, and I’d still consider us “upper-midsize.” And yes, particularly at night, its busier, patients are sicker, and the spike in psycho-social stuff in my opinion, has skyrocketed.
Ellen
7 years ago
I’m not medically trained but have worked in healthcare in different administrative capacities for much of my career. It seems that more and more it’s about the bottom line. My region has been building hospitals and standalone EDs all over but we have fewer and fewer urgent care options. Urgent care doesn’t pay out quite as much. Since most patients “don’t pay” for their care, it’s all the same to them. What they don’t realize is they are the ones losing out, because what they really need is the thoughtful human touch of a qualified physician as you described. My… Read more »
Cath
7 years ago
I work in the UK, so a totally different system. 60000 would be considered a ‘very small’ ED. 80000 average. >100000 average to large. I work in a large ED (not tertiary, not trauma centre, bypassed for stroke and STEMI). We’d staff with 4-5 juniors (interns/jnr residents) and 2-3 seniors (snr residents) and 1-2 consultants (attendings) on the shopfloor by day, and a little less overnight. Plus 2 or 3 of what you’d call mid-levels. There is almost never a time when we are ‘quiet’. There is a queue to be seen throughout the night. This has become more marked… Read more »
Beth
7 years ago
100% agree. We’re given the bare minimum staff, especially overnight, and when 30 patients check in between midnight and 6AM with only 1 doctor and a handful of nurses and nobody dies and everyone who is truly ill gets great care, but a few toothaches and sniffles leave without being seen….. that’s all we hear about. We only hear what we do wrong, rarely thanked or even acknowledged for what we do right (sometimes straight up miracle working). I’m amazed everyday that more people don’t die in the ER. We’re amazing at what we do so it’s still a relatively… Read more »
Danny Spencer
7 years ago
You described my ED/job exactly! Never thought I’d look forward to the day I don’t have to deal with it. The system seems too big for me or any of us really to change it. Maybe rock bottom in a few years will swing the pendulum the other way. Towards what it used to be. It feels good that I’m not the only one dealing with what you just described. Thanks!
Elizabeth Smith
7 years ago
Sorry, this is pretty long….. Do these smaller community hospitals have the resources for social work or community health workers? I am a clinical social worker in a large urban hospital in the Midwest. Between our children’s hospital and and much smaller sister hospital down the road, it is reported that collectively we see more than 126,000 patients annually. These numbers are a few years old and we have seen a great deal more as of late. Social work is staffed 24/7 at all 3 hospitals, and at the large hospital, there are 2 social workers on staff between the… Read more »
Thankful
7 years ago
This is why after 10 years on the floor as a CNA first, LPN, then RN, i had to get out. Most that are there are trying to get out, the stress and expectations suck the life out of you.
Jack Coupal
7 years ago
Medicalizing much of interpersonal conflict benefits few people. Unfortunately, such conflicts are basic to the human condition. Psycho-social patchwork of sufferers in the ED is hit or miss. The person with a resulting anxiety reaction shows up at your ED at 3AM seeking relief. That ironically adds to stress of staff setting priorities, trying to accommodate. The unhappy anxiety patient later complains to management, which at the time is sleeping soundly at home. 8-4:30 management orders: “Do something!” Teaching coping skills for walking mentally-wounded could be provided by public schools, walk-in clinics, parents, parent, grandparents, and “concerned”. Failure to address… Read more »
Greg Mellinger, PA-C
7 years ago
The EDs today are more indigent care clinics and rapid diagnostic centers than true emergency care facilities. I have seen this evolution over 30 years as an emergency medicine PA in “medium” volume EDs as you describe. In fact, I have worked with a couple of your locum friends and colleagues. The increases in volume and percentage of no pay visits will continue to grow. EMTALA requires that we see all comers, regardless of complaint or ability to pay. Patients know this. Harried primary care physicians know we can rapidly diagnose concerning complaints and make an informed decision regarding disposition.… Read more »
Incumbents in both parties in Congress are AWOL regarding ACA repeal and replacement. But, the primary elections early in 2018 when health insurance premiums spike will finally benefit the public. So, there’s no need to hold our breath.
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Similar to you, fresh out of residency I worked in a mid volume facility. They saw 19 to 20,000 per year and I could sleep 3 to 5 hours a night. Now, I’ve been doing some shifts in a facility could only seats 8000 patients per year, but I haven’t gotten more than an hour and a half of sleep at one time. Our culture has very much shifted to a 24 hour one. In addition to the reasons you cite, so many businesses stay open 24 hours a day now that people don’t think twice about going to the… Read more »
We’re at 64k-ish/yr, and I’d still consider us “upper-midsize.” And yes, particularly at night, its busier, patients are sicker, and the spike in psycho-social stuff in my opinion, has skyrocketed.
I’m not medically trained but have worked in healthcare in different administrative capacities for much of my career. It seems that more and more it’s about the bottom line. My region has been building hospitals and standalone EDs all over but we have fewer and fewer urgent care options. Urgent care doesn’t pay out quite as much. Since most patients “don’t pay” for their care, it’s all the same to them. What they don’t realize is they are the ones losing out, because what they really need is the thoughtful human touch of a qualified physician as you described. My… Read more »
I work in the UK, so a totally different system. 60000 would be considered a ‘very small’ ED. 80000 average. >100000 average to large. I work in a large ED (not tertiary, not trauma centre, bypassed for stroke and STEMI). We’d staff with 4-5 juniors (interns/jnr residents) and 2-3 seniors (snr residents) and 1-2 consultants (attendings) on the shopfloor by day, and a little less overnight. Plus 2 or 3 of what you’d call mid-levels. There is almost never a time when we are ‘quiet’. There is a queue to be seen throughout the night. This has become more marked… Read more »
100% agree. We’re given the bare minimum staff, especially overnight, and when 30 patients check in between midnight and 6AM with only 1 doctor and a handful of nurses and nobody dies and everyone who is truly ill gets great care, but a few toothaches and sniffles leave without being seen….. that’s all we hear about. We only hear what we do wrong, rarely thanked or even acknowledged for what we do right (sometimes straight up miracle working). I’m amazed everyday that more people don’t die in the ER. We’re amazing at what we do so it’s still a relatively… Read more »
You described my ED/job exactly! Never thought I’d look forward to the day I don’t have to deal with it. The system seems too big for me or any of us really to change it. Maybe rock bottom in a few years will swing the pendulum the other way. Towards what it used to be. It feels good that I’m not the only one dealing with what you just described. Thanks!
Sorry, this is pretty long….. Do these smaller community hospitals have the resources for social work or community health workers? I am a clinical social worker in a large urban hospital in the Midwest. Between our children’s hospital and and much smaller sister hospital down the road, it is reported that collectively we see more than 126,000 patients annually. These numbers are a few years old and we have seen a great deal more as of late. Social work is staffed 24/7 at all 3 hospitals, and at the large hospital, there are 2 social workers on staff between the… Read more »
This is why after 10 years on the floor as a CNA first, LPN, then RN, i had to get out. Most that are there are trying to get out, the stress and expectations suck the life out of you.
Medicalizing much of interpersonal conflict benefits few people. Unfortunately, such conflicts are basic to the human condition. Psycho-social patchwork of sufferers in the ED is hit or miss. The person with a resulting anxiety reaction shows up at your ED at 3AM seeking relief. That ironically adds to stress of staff setting priorities, trying to accommodate. The unhappy anxiety patient later complains to management, which at the time is sleeping soundly at home. 8-4:30 management orders: “Do something!” Teaching coping skills for walking mentally-wounded could be provided by public schools, walk-in clinics, parents, parent, grandparents, and “concerned”. Failure to address… Read more »
The EDs today are more indigent care clinics and rapid diagnostic centers than true emergency care facilities. I have seen this evolution over 30 years as an emergency medicine PA in “medium” volume EDs as you describe. In fact, I have worked with a couple of your locum friends and colleagues. The increases in volume and percentage of no pay visits will continue to grow. EMTALA requires that we see all comers, regardless of complaint or ability to pay. Patients know this. Harried primary care physicians know we can rapidly diagnose concerning complaints and make an informed decision regarding disposition.… Read more »
Incumbents in both parties in Congress are AWOL regarding ACA repeal and replacement. But, the primary elections early in 2018 when health insurance premiums spike will finally benefit the public. So, there’s no need to hold our breath.