I have noticed over the years that physicians who write about medicine, particularly for the general public, are limited to very specific discussions. For instance, it is perfectly acceptable to write about the plight of the poor and uninsured. It is always reasonable to advocate for a single payer system. It is perfectly acceptable to discuss how one down-sized in order to make less and ‘give back’ more. And it is praiseworthy to hold-forth on the absolute necessity of primary care.
It is reprehensible to discuss money unless it has to do with intentionally making less of it. It is judgmental to suggest that patients might, in some way, bring their ills upon themselves. It is cruel and heartless to advocate for more market solutions. And it is symptomatic of burnout to suggest that one no longer enjoys practice, or finds dealing with the public to be unpleasant.
To write any of the above negatives is to incur a blizzard of angry letters and suggestions that one leave medicine to the truly compassionate and seek mental health care.
However, I will here boldly violate the above the rules and say that emergency medicine is getting ever more difficult, in part because of Medicaid. This is extremely relevant since the ACA is dramatically increasing the Medicaid rolls.
By way of disclaimer, many of my favorite patients are dependent on Medicaid. I love them and I am happy to see them, whether for their child’s earache or their own pneumonia or injury. Many people truly need the program, and it helps them…at least in the short term. However, it is hurting medicine; both primary care and emergency care.
(See this link to look at the recent study out of Oregon which showed clearly that Medicaid increases emergency department usage. It’s an interesting study with mixed results…no change in patients in terms of control of hypertension, diabetes or cholesterol, but there was a decrease in depression and in financially catastrophic health-care costs. https://www.nber.org/oregon/).
The problem is multi-faceted. But at the heart of it is the fact that our Medicaid population has no ownership of their health care dollars. They’re told by government functionaries that they have insurance. But I have insurance. And as such, I try my best not to use it because the co-pays are very expensive. Medicaid patients suffer from no such disincentives.
The problem is, of course, that a relatively small number of ‘bad eggs’ make everyone else look bad as well. They come to the ER at night with a sick child. I treat the child and say ‘see your doctor next week if he isn’t better.’ ‘Oh, we have an appointment with him in the morning anyway,’ mom responds. Many of them, unemployed, have no schedule restrictions. So coming to the ER at 3 am is not in any way an impediment to going to the pediatrician the next morning.
Furthermore, some are extremely demanding. One told me ‘I have the right to whatever treatment I want. I checked it out. And I demand to be admitted until this is figured out!’ Well, no. It was a long, loud discussion over a problem that was non-emergent.
In addition, our Medicaid population has no emergency department co-pay. Likewise, the Medicaid reimbursement rates would be comical if they weren’t insulting. (Some years ago our Medicaid rate for a cardiac arrest resuscitation was somewhere around $100.) A $5 co-pay would truly re-direct a great deal of traffic. And the argument that it would be oppressive is ludicrous in the face of the expensive cell-phones and plans, the cigarettes, drugs, jewelry and vehicles that some of our Medicaid patients sport. Alas, while Medicaid primary care patients sometimes have a co-pay, EMTALA ensures that will never happen in the ED.
But the problem isn’t just the abuse as listed above. It’s that this population of patients, who use the ED extensively and for any and every problem, cause the department to be ever crowded with patients who do not deserve the name patient. And yet they complain of things we must evaluate. They call ambulances for fever, they complain endlessly of chest pain when they have anxiety (with attendant dyspnea, diaphoresis and nausea, of course, all of which direct us to work them up for heart attack.) Their headaches are always the worst and their depression is frequently suicidal…knowing as they do that commitment to a mental health facility raises the likelihood of the ‘holy grail’ of disability.
In the end, I want to help the sick and injured; especially the poor and their children. But I fear that Medicaid is only growing more toxic to those who have it and those who are paid by it. It offers little advantage to those who have it (well demonstrated in a recent study from Oregon), it demoralizes those who treat the patients with it (and costs us money since we are hardly excused from expensive liability insurance while accepting it) and it adds so much hay through which we must daily sift to find the needle.
I know. Bad doctor. Hateful doctor. Let the name-calling begin. But if nothing else, honest doctor. Deal with it.
Dr. Leap , Thank you for your true passion and feelings of modern day emergency medicine. You could not be any further from the truth and these words need to go to our local congressmen and further up the chain. Medicaid is destroying not just our care, system,, but even our once loving will to practice emergency medicine. Many of these abusers have taken our compassion away from those who need it. They abuse their aide and many as you say shouldn’t even be on it,as they can clearly work, but chose not too. We as ER physicians need to… Read more »
Gene Doebley
10 years ago
Thank you doctor. Ever since I stumbled on to your blog last year I have enjoyed your insights. Someday I may drive the 6 or 7 hours to your hospital and fake an illness just to meet you.
Mark
10 years ago
Thanks Edwin for the most thoughtful post. Patients has no skin the game & therefore have nothing to discourage their abuse of the ED. Too bad US lawmakers are too scared to put any onus on the voters.
Ed. I am here only to offer praise. Those that criticize an article like this are those that would never do what you and I do regularly at 3am and on holidays. They sip $5 lattes at Starbucks while they discuss “social justice”. One of the major concepts that has been lost in our society that drives such criticism is the concept of property rights…the notion that one has the right to the fruits of their labor. The thing that those that pay for their health insurance realize is that their time at work represents a slice of their life,… Read more »
Cornelia Moore
10 years ago
from the other side; although I’ve been sick for most of my life, I have never taken Medicaid, much less food stamps or wellfare, though I’ve often been poor for one reason or another. I always considered myself fairly fortunate, and felt that others needed it more. I cannot tell you how many times someone in better financial condition than me has told me I should take these benefits. I always managed to somehow pay the bills, either on my own with part time and a little full time work, or through my husband’s work. now I’m in critical condition… Read more »
Cornelia Moore
10 years ago
correction. I misspoke and wrote Medicaid twice when I meant Medicare. Dialysis has cost me a part of my clarity of mind, and so I sometimes write or say things other than I mean.
Carol Laurich
10 years ago
Dr. Leap: The Oregon study you cite in your article is old news. Oregon saw this happening and began addressing the issue way before the study came out and before ACA. Medicaid began a program of teaming up a health consultant with each high emergency room user to get them on track to use health care preventive and other services to avoid emergency room visits. The Oregonian reported extensively on this program and its effect of reducing emergency room visits. Some of the patients are in need of this more individualized effort because of their mental state. Others are fearful.… Read more »
Joseph W. Blackston, MD, JD
10 years ago
Dear Dr. Leap, Thank you-Thank you-Thank you for being one person who has the courage to state what almost everyone one of us knows. I am an emergency physician of approximately 25 years, (though my residency training is Internal Medicine), and have been a professor of medicine, a professor of law, and advisor of health policy. No one seems to understand the “toxicity” of Medicaid and how it drives ED utilization. As we see the continued push toward medicaid expansion (what we should be doing is the opposite, of course, getting more people OFF of medicaid and onto private insurance)… Read more »
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Dr. Leap , Thank you for your true passion and feelings of modern day emergency medicine. You could not be any further from the truth and these words need to go to our local congressmen and further up the chain. Medicaid is destroying not just our care, system,, but even our once loving will to practice emergency medicine. Many of these abusers have taken our compassion away from those who need it. They abuse their aide and many as you say shouldn’t even be on it,as they can clearly work, but chose not too. We as ER physicians need to… Read more »
Thank you doctor. Ever since I stumbled on to your blog last year I have enjoyed your insights. Someday I may drive the 6 or 7 hours to your hospital and fake an illness just to meet you.
Thanks Edwin for the most thoughtful post. Patients has no skin the game & therefore have nothing to discourage their abuse of the ED. Too bad US lawmakers are too scared to put any onus on the voters.
Ed. I am here only to offer praise. Those that criticize an article like this are those that would never do what you and I do regularly at 3am and on holidays. They sip $5 lattes at Starbucks while they discuss “social justice”. One of the major concepts that has been lost in our society that drives such criticism is the concept of property rights…the notion that one has the right to the fruits of their labor. The thing that those that pay for their health insurance realize is that their time at work represents a slice of their life,… Read more »
from the other side; although I’ve been sick for most of my life, I have never taken Medicaid, much less food stamps or wellfare, though I’ve often been poor for one reason or another. I always considered myself fairly fortunate, and felt that others needed it more. I cannot tell you how many times someone in better financial condition than me has told me I should take these benefits. I always managed to somehow pay the bills, either on my own with part time and a little full time work, or through my husband’s work. now I’m in critical condition… Read more »
correction. I misspoke and wrote Medicaid twice when I meant Medicare. Dialysis has cost me a part of my clarity of mind, and so I sometimes write or say things other than I mean.
Dr. Leap: The Oregon study you cite in your article is old news. Oregon saw this happening and began addressing the issue way before the study came out and before ACA. Medicaid began a program of teaming up a health consultant with each high emergency room user to get them on track to use health care preventive and other services to avoid emergency room visits. The Oregonian reported extensively on this program and its effect of reducing emergency room visits. Some of the patients are in need of this more individualized effort because of their mental state. Others are fearful.… Read more »
Dear Dr. Leap, Thank you-Thank you-Thank you for being one person who has the courage to state what almost everyone one of us knows. I am an emergency physician of approximately 25 years, (though my residency training is Internal Medicine), and have been a professor of medicine, a professor of law, and advisor of health policy. No one seems to understand the “toxicity” of Medicaid and how it drives ED utilization. As we see the continued push toward medicaid expansion (what we should be doing is the opposite, of course, getting more people OFF of medicaid and onto private insurance)… Read more »